What is machinable glass-ceramic (Macor Ceramic)?

Machinable Glass Ceramics (also known as MGC and Macor Ceramic) is a polycrystalline composite material with a white color. It is a glass-ceramic material with synthetic mica crystals as the main crystalline phase. macor machinable ceramics combine the excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of advanced technical ceramics with the ease of machining using conventional metal working tools. This eliminates the need for expensive diamond grinding and subsequent firing processes, significantly reducing manufacturing time and costs.

At Good Ceramics, we offer high-performance machinable glass ceramics (MGC), providing high-quality Macor rods, Macor plates, Macor tubes, and custom-machined assemblies for industries that require superior performance, electrical insulation, and thermal stability.

Advantages of Macor machinable glass-ceramics

The most outstanding feature of Macor machinable microcrystalline glass is its machinability, which makes it possible to meet the technical requirements of high precision without the need for molds, and can be molded directly to significantly shorten the design and processing cycle. Therefore, Macor ceramics are commonly used for structural ceramic parts with complex shapes, high precision requirements and difficult molding processes, such as thin-walled ceramics and ceramic threads.

Features: Turning, milling, drilling, tapping and other operations can be performed with ordinary metalworking tools for high-precision machining.

Use: It is suitable for complex structural parts such as insulating mats, heat-insulating mats, insulating brackets, and heat-resistant brackets in various mechanical equipments.

Characteristics: Excellent high-temperature electrical insulation properties, electrical breakdown strength up to 40kV/mm.

Use: Widely used in various electrical equipment, such as the key components of lightning rod.

Characteristics: Wide operating temperature range (-200°C to +800°C). The mica crystal structure provides excellent thermal shock resistance and the low coefficient of thermal expansion ensures dimensional stability.

Uses: Suitable for applications such as soldering jigs, optical glass secondary molds, etc.

Features: Its extremely low outgassing rate makes it suitable for high vacuum environments.

Uses: Widely used in the photovoltaic industry for vacuum equipment, vacuum coating support.

Features: all inorganic material production, aging resistance, no deformation, excellent corrosion resistance to a variety of organic solvents, acids, alkalis, more than the general ceramics, polytetrafluoroethylene.

Uses: Used for key components in the chemical industry, such as crude oil conveying rods, slings, seawater desalination electrodes and so on.

Characteristics: Excellent electromagnetic properties.

Applications: Coil axes for missile gyroscopes, etc.

Characteristics: Self-lubricating, free of metal particles. Specific gravity is about one-third of ordinary steel, lighter than aluminum, and very low water absorption.

Uses: Rotary vacuum pump blades, etc.

Precautions for use

Macor workable glass-ceramics are susceptible to the effects of halogenated acids such as HCl (hydrochloric acid). Tests showed that 2.52 grams (1 cc) of glass-ceramic samples exposed to hydrochloric acid at pH 0.1 lost 100 mg (3.961 TP3T) in 24 hours. Exposure to sodium hydroxide at pH 13.2 resulted in a loss of 0.3961 TP3T in 6 h. Fluorine precipitates when exceeding 600°C (in a vacuum) and manifests itself as boron trifluoride or hydrofluoric acid.

Industry Applications

Macor ceramics offer excellent machinability, high thermal stability, electrical insulation, and vacuum and chemical resistance for a wide range of applications - from high-temperature fixtures and insulators in aerospace, semiconductors, and electronics, to radiation-resistant components in medical and nuclear technology, and precision-engineered parts in industrial machinery - making them a versatile material that bridges the gap between traditional ceramics and easy-to-machine engineering materials. It is a versatile material that bridges the gap between traditional ceramics and easy-to-process engineering materials.

Due to its stability and RF transparency, it can be used in sensor housings, insulation and windows.

Critical for wafer handling assemblies, plasma etching devices, and insulators where purity and vacuum integrity are critical.

Fabricate customized insulators, beamline assemblies and vacuum chamber components in particle gas pedals.

Due to its non-magnetic and biologically inert properties, it can be used in MRI equipment, X-ray components and sterilizable surgical instrument parts.

Used as fixtures, reflectors and insulators in high temperature furnaces and lighting systems.

Ideal for creating customized measuring tools, optical breadboards and alignment devices that require thermal and electrical stability.

Available Macor glass-ceramic grades

“Same reliability, wiser choice.”

Goodwill offers high-performance Macor machinable glass ceramics (also known as MGC). Our MGCs share the same key characteristics as Macor ceramics - superior thermal insulation, excellent resistance properties, and processability - ensuring seamless replacement in demanding applications. In addition, our MGCs offer significant cost advantages, faster delivery and flexible supply.

Zhihao Ceramics combines material supply with CNC machining services to provide ready-to-use customized parts in rods, plates or tubes, all with tight tolerances and smooth surfaces. The products are used in a wide range of aerospace, semiconductor, medical and vacuum technology applications.

Our MGCs share the same key characteristics as Macor ceramics - excellent thermal insulation, electrical resistance, and processability - ensuring a seamless replacement in demanding applications.

Imported Macor is usually expensive and logistically costly, Great Ceramic offers more competitive pricing with quality assurance to help you lower your project budget.

Our MGCs share the same key characteristics as Macor ceramics - excellent thermal insulation, electrical resistance, and processability - ensuring a seamless replacement in demanding applications.

Say goodbye to long overseas lead times. With local capacity and inventory, we offer shorter lead times and flexible order quantities - from small prototypes to mass production.

Unlike standard suppliers, Great Ceramic combines material supply + CNC machining services to provide ready-to-use customized parts made from bar, plate or tube, all with tight tolerances and smooth surfaces.

Our MGC ceramics are trusted by customers in aerospace, semiconductor, medical, and vacuum technologies, and have replaced imported Macor in critical programs around the world.

Macor can process glass-ceramic compositions

Machinable ceramics are composites made from fluorogold mica in a 45/55 ratio in a borosilicate glass matrix. The composition is as follows:

    • 46% Silicon dioxide (SiO2) machinable ceramic microstructure
    • 17% Magnesium oxide (MgO)
    • 16% Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
    • 10% Potassium (K2O)
    • 7% Boron (B2O3)
    • 4% Fluorine (F)
Macor can process glass-ceramic compositions

Key Features of Macor Ceramics

ToHome Ceramics' high-performance MGCs offer similar high-temperature resistance, electrical insulation, and machinability as macor, but with better cost-effectiveness, faster delivery, and customizable precision parts.

Below we have listed the typical properties of MGC, Macor ceramics and Hexagonal Boron Nitride (HBN) ceramics to help engineers better compare the differences in the materials and find the right application.

The following values are typical material properties and may vary depending on product configuration and manufacturing process. Please feel free to contact us for further details.

mechanical property

The mechanical properties of MGC&Macor ceramics are characterized by “medium strength, easy machining, high dimensional stability, moderate hardness and low weight”.

characterization staircase (for residential buildings) Magna Markel (name) Boron hydrobromide
color -- white white white
intensity g/cm3 2.48 2.52 2.0
durometer gigapascal (unit of pressure) 2.0 2.5 0.04
compressive strength megapascal (unit of pressure) 508 345 100
bending strength megapascal (unit of pressure) 91.5 94 30
Fracture toughness megapascal (unit of pressure)1/2 -- 1.53 --
modulus of elasticity gigapascal (unit of pressure) 65 66.9 71
Poisson's ratio -- -- 0.29 --

thermal performance

The thermal properties of MGC & Macor ceramics are characterized by “high temperature stability, low thermal expansion, low thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance and thermo-mechanical stability”.”

characterization staircase (for residential buildings) Magna Markel (name) Boron hydrobromide
Maximum operating temperature ℃ (no load) 800 800 850
Thermal conductivity at 20°C W/(M. Kelvin) 1.71 1.46 >30
Thermal expansion at 25-200°Ca 1× 10-6 /C 7.38 9.3 >1.8
specific heat kJ/kg・C -- 0.79 0.81

Electrical Performance

The electrical properties of MGC&Macor ceramics are characterized by “high dielectric strength, high resistivity, low dielectric constant, thermal stability and low dielectric loss”.”

characterization staircase (for residential buildings) MGC Macor HBN
dielectric constant 1 MHz 5.7 6.03 4.0
dielectric strength AC - kV/mm 43.4 45 79
Volume resistivity @ 25°C Ω・cm >10 16 >10 17 >10 13

Macor Ceramic Parts Application Examples

Macor machinable glass-ceramics offer unique properties including excellent machinability, high electrical insulation, high temperature resistance and zero porosity, making them ideal for a wide range of precision and demanding applications. Below are examples of the most common and impactful applications of MGC and Macor products in a variety of fields:

They are used in electronic and semiconductor devices to provide precise dimensional control and excellent electrical insulation.

Used as an insulator in electrical systems where high dielectric strength is required.

They are used in electronic and semiconductor devices to provide precise dimensional control and excellent electrical insulation.

Used as cavities, mirror holders and insulators in laser equipment, their low coefficient of thermal expansion helps maintain optical path stability.

Used as furnace insulators, thermocouple protection tubes, and sample holders for stable operation at temperatures up to 800°C.

For use with components that require precision, non-porous and sterilizable components, such as surgical instruments or analytical equipment.

Because of its ease of machining with standard tools, Macor is the material of choice for the rapid production of complex prototypes and customized precision parts.

132
Beryllium oxide ceramic tube
112

Macor Ceramics Manufacturing and Processing

At Chiho Ceramics, we cut, drill, tap, and shape Macor machinable microcrystalline glass using standard metalworking tools and techniques such as CNC machine tools, lathes, mills, and drill presses, eliminating the need for costly diamond grinding or sintering post-treatments. This significantly shortens manufacturing cycles and reduces costs, while still achieving micron-level tolerances and meeting the stringent accuracy and surface quality requirements of complex structural components.

With years of technical experience and advanced equipment, we not only provide standardized Macor parts such as Macor rods, plates and tubes, but also customize complex structural assemblies and high-reliability products to meet specific customer needs, helping our customers apply Macor ceramics to a wide range of industrial applications.

CNC grinding and milling

CNC milling, turning and grinding to micron tolerances.

Grinding and polishing

Surface polishing results in smooth surfaces and optical grade surfaces.

Laser processing of ceramic substrates

Ceramic Laser Cutting

For laser drilling and cutting of complex geometries.

Metal and Ceramic Brazed Assemblies - 600x600

Metallization and welding

Metallization (Mo/Mn, W) for ceramic-to-metal brazing.

common problems

Macor ceramics can be machined using conventional metalworking tools such as carbide drills, taps and milling cutters. Water-soluble coolants should be used to minimize chipping and dusting.

Glass mica ceramic processing refers to the process used to process materials such as MACOR®, a composite material consisting of glass and mica crystals. The process is the same as for other machinable glass-ceramic materials and utilizes standard tools and techniques.

Most ceramics are extremely hard and fragile, making them very difficult to machine and requiring specialized diamond tools. However, machinable ceramics such as MACOR® are specially designed to be machined with standard tools.

Unlike Macor, aluminum oxide is a hard, traditional ceramic. It cannot be machined using standard tools. Machining aluminum oxide ceramics requires a post-sintering process using special diamond grinding wheels and tools to achieve the final shape and tolerances. Learn more →

Macor ceramics and BN+AlN composite boron nitride ceramics are both machinable ceramics, both have excellent machinability and can be machined like metals using standard tools, greatly reducing manufacturing costs and time.

However, despite their similarities, their core attributes and applications are very different.

The main difference

Macor Ceramics: Macor is a unique microcrystalline glass composite material composed primarily of fluorogold mica and borosilicate glass. Its core strengths are ease of processing, excellent electrical insulation properties and very low outgassing.Macor has excellent dimensional stability at elevated temperatures, does not creep or deform, and matches the coefficient of thermal expansion of most metals and sealing glasses.

BN+AlN Composite Boron Nitride Ceramics: This is a composite material consisting of boron nitride (BN) and aluminum nitride (AlN). Its most outstanding features are extremely high thermal conductivity and excellent electrical insulation.The addition of AlN significantly improves the thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of the material, while BN confers excellent machinability and self-lubrication.

typical application

Macor Ceramics: Due to their insulating and vacuum properties, they are mainly used in applications requiring precise dimensional control, electrical insulation and high vacuum environments. Examples include insulators in space probes, high-voltage feedthroughs, supports and sample holders in vacuum chambers, and precision components in medical and laser equipment.

BN+AlN composite boron nitride ceramics: Due to their high thermal conductivity and electrical insulating properties, they are mainly used in applications that require efficient heat dissipation. Examples include heat sinks in semiconductor production equipment, substrates for high-power electronic equipment, high-voltage insulators, and precision components that must withstand thermal shock and corrosion.

Macor ceramics have a maximum operating temperature of 1000°C (1832°F), which refers to the peak temperature without load.

It has a maximum continuous operating temperature of 1472°F (800°C).

Due to their excellent thermal stability and low coefficient of thermal expansion, Macor ceramics do not deform or creep at elevated temperatures, making them ideal insulating and structural materials for many high-temperature applications.

If other high temperature ceramic materials are required, please see our performance comparison chart.

To Good Ceramics-Advanced Ceramics-Alumina Ceramics

Aluminum oxide ceramics

boron nitride

boron nitride

aluminum nitride

aluminum nitride

silicon nitride

silicon nitride

Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing Specialist

Why Choose To Good MGC?

  • Engineering expertise - Chiho Ceramics specializes in precision ceramic machining to ensure that complex parts are manufactured to exacting tolerances.

  • Material Properties - Our MGCs combine excellent thermal insulation, electrical resistance and chemical stability comparable to brand name Macor ceramics.
  • Design Flexibility - Available in bar, plate and tube, capable of producing custom CNC machined parts.
  • Cost and Lead Time Advantages - Faster prototyping, lower processing costs and shorter lead times than traditional ceramics.
  • Industry Reliability - For components that require stability and processability, the aerospace, semiconductor, medical and vacuum industries can count on it.

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