先进陶瓷的杨氏模量
杨氏模量，也称为弹性模量，是衡量材料刚度（即材料在应力作用下抵抗变形的能力）的基本属性。在工程和高性能应用中，先进陶瓷因其极高的杨氏模量而被广泛采用，这意味着其优异的刚度、精度和尺寸稳定性。本文探讨了主要陶瓷材料的杨氏模量，并将其与金属和塑料进行了比较。
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杨氏模量为何重要
在航空航天、半导体、能源和精密制造等行业中，刚度至关重要。较高的杨氏模量：
由于其固有的原子键合结构，先进陶瓷在这些领域的表现往往优于金属和塑料。
重点先进陶瓷的杨氏模量数据
| Ceramic materials | 杨氏模量（GPa） | hallmark |
|---|---|---|
| Silicon Carbide (SiC) | 410–450 | Extremely hard, excellent corrosion and wear resistance, high thermal conductivity |
| 氮化硅（Si3N4） | 290–320 | High fracture toughness, thermal shock resistance, low density |
| 氧化铝（Al2O3） | 300–390 | High hardness, good abrasion resistance, excellent electrical insulation properties |
| 氧化锆（ZrO2） | 200–220 | High toughness, low thermal conductivity, phase change toughening |
| 氧化锆增韧氧化铝 | 280–300 | 提高断裂韧性，耐磨性好，热稳定 |
| Aluminum Nitride (AlN) | 310–330 | High thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, low dielectric loss |
| Beryllium oxide (BeO) | 300–340 | Very high thermal conductivity, electrically insulating, toxic in powder form |
| Boron nitride (h-BN) | 30–50（六边形） | Lubricating, thermally stable, electrically insulating |
| 可加工玻璃陶瓷 | 40-50 | Easy processing, good dielectric strength, low thermal conductivity |
*Data is for reference only.
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杨氏模量比较：陶瓷与金属和塑料
下面的条形图显示了各种工程材料的维氏杨氏模量——从超硬陶瓷到常见的工业塑料，按高到低排序。
Ceramic
Metal
Plastic
*Data is for reference only.
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